Renal hypoperfusion occurs as a result of reduced cardiac output, resulting in the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, which compensates for the hypoperfusion. However ...

By competing with aldosterone for receptor sites in distal renal tubules, spironolactone increases sodium chloride and water excretion while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions. The inhibition ...

Elevated aldosterone stimulates sodium reabsorption ... This specific protein facilitates the reabsorption of magnesium in the kidney tubules, resulting in low magnesium in the blood.

The blood pressure was measured at rest in the morning, during and after physical exercise (both in the morning and in the afternoon season), as well as in urine/24 h the renin, angiotensin and ...