The discovery of microbial-sensing proteins called Toll-like receptors ... with components of microbial pathogens that come into contact with the cell. In contrast, TLRs 3, 7, 8, and 9 are ...

Within islets, beta cells secrete insulin, and alpha cells secrete glucagon. Scientists have identified three ... these receptors is disrupted in diabetes. Many classes of cell surface receptors ...

Antibodies are best known for their ability to latch onto and neutralize bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. But these ...