Cytologists had been studying chromosome behavior since the late 19th century. Why did it take until 1956 to figure out the correct human chromosome number, thanks to Joe Hin Tjio and Albert Levan?

In particular, it explains that humans have one fewer chromosome pair in their cells than apes, due to a mutation found in chromosome number 2 that caused two chromosomes to fuse into one.

Genetics plays a key role in answering each of these questions. For humans, our genes dictate much of how our bodies respond to the world around us. Human genetics is complex, with several ...

How did researchers complete this chromosome map years ahead ... many more exciting and unexpected links to human disease. Within a span of only 13 years, an amalgam of public and private ...

It’s not clear why these backups have evolved. The new Y chromosome sequences could spell change for metagenomics research, which involves sequencing microbial genomes. Human DNA contaminants often ...