And in fact, before plants appeared on Earth, scientists think there was much more carbon dioxide but no oxygen in the early atmosphere. The composition of the atmosphere has changed over time ...

Jupiter’s famous clouds aren’t ammonia ice but a murky mix of chemicals, sitting lower in the atmosphere than expected. For years, astronomers believed that Jupiter’s upper clouds — responsible for it ...

Many scientists have long thought that developing planets should resemble the swirling disk of gas and dust that births them.

Researchers have discovered crucial new information about how microbes consume huge amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) and help reduce levels of this deadly gas.

Their extent of oxidation provides insights into the composition of the atmosphere at the time when they fell to Earth. In this case ~87 Million years ago. We are pioneering a new field of study that ...