To test the new method, the researchers first created a simple plano-convex lens and showed that it ... maturing field that is finding use in many application areas," said Webber.

Several other lenses are demonstrated, including a cylindrical convex lens, but these are only planoconvex lenses, or lenses that are flat on one side. Biconvex lenses can be constructed by gluing ...

In a ray diagram, a concave lens is drawn as a vertical line with inward facing arrows to indicate the shape of the lens.