The transcription factor XBP1, which is activated by the ER transmembrane protein IRE1 (inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease 1), is an important component of the UPR. XBP1 induces ...
A mature autophagosome will be formed when the extending phagophore closes, mediated by the ESCRT protein CHAMP2A and the ER transmembrane protein VMP1 and TMEM41B. Autophagosomes eventually fuse ...