a standing wave develops in the ring. What was most interesting to us is that this explanation shows why electrons only increase and decrease in steps. Turns out nothing is really orbiting the way ...

a standing wave will be emitted. The anodes must be supplied with an alternating potential for this arrangement to work. This causes the electrons to ‘bunch up’ as they cross the gaps ...

New data identify gyro-resonant wave–particle interactions as the culprit. According to the radial diffusion model, electrons are transported to within 2.5 Earth radii (Re) during magnetic ...

Understanding how particles such as electrons travel vast distances in space or how they acquire ultra-high energy has been a long-standing puzzle ... collisionless shock waves, which are easy ...

when George Paget Thomson revealed that electrons passing through a crystal grating produced diffraction patterns, hallmark evidence of their wave-like behavior. This discovery earned Thomson a ...