In 1927, he recognized that the length of these food chains was mostly limited to 4 or ... (high level carnivores such as fox) (Figure 1). These feeding groups are referred as trophic levels.

As each type of food ... trophic levels in this simple system if one follows the longest feeding chain from either algae (level 1) or detritus (1) to chironomids (2) to Trichoptera (3) to ...

South Africa’s False Bay was once known as a global hotspot for great white sharks. But within the span of a few years, ...