Nonetheless, scientists are familiar with the basic steps in the replication ... chromosomes are circular, eukaryotic chromosomes are linear. During circular DNA replication, the excised primer ...

The initiation of DNA replication occurs in two steps. First, a so-called initiator ... In comparison, eukaryotic human DNA replicates at a rate of 50 nucleotides per second.

In the first step, nucleophilic attack on the alpha-phosphorus ... ATP-dependent DNA ligases are also encoded by eukaryotic DNA viruses that conduct some or all of their replication cycle in the ...

revealing how ATP hydrolysis regulates DNA movement and strand separation. The findings offered important insights into fundamental replication processes across viruses and eukaryotic systems.