Each of the 20 amino acids has a specific side chain, known as an R group, that is also attached to the α carbon. The R groups have a variety of shapes, sizes, charges, and reactivities.

In contrast, the proteins that are inserted into the cell membranes display some hydrophobic chemical groups ... functional repertoire of organisms over time. Proteins are built as chains of amino ...

Introduction Definition of Peptides Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, typically consisting of 2 to ...