Robert Hooke studied the uniaxial force required to extend springs and long straight wires and found it to be proportional to the extension of the device under test. He stated his observation as "Ut ...

When a material experiences an applied uniaxial tensile stress, s, it displays a strain response, e. In the initial stage of strain, the response is linear in the stress and may be described by ...

The study of elastic strain dates from the one-dimensional Hooke's law (1676), and from the general three-dimensional form of Hooke's Law, which was formulated by Cauche almost 200 years later (1839).