The atmosphere interacts closely with the rest of the Earth system – including the biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and lithosphere – as well as with urban areas and societies on time scales from ...

Aa Aa Aa Biogeochemical cycles describe pathways by which chemical elements move through both biotic (the biosphere) and abiotic compartments (the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere ...

and exploring the interactions between the atmosphere, the biosphere, the hydrosphere, and humans. To study these questions, we use a set of tools including field observations, laboratory experiments, ...

Environmental geologists study the interaction between the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and human activities. They work to solve problems associated with pollution, waste management, ...