Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Update on Recent Advances in Pathophysiology, Investigation, and Treatment
In most cases, the results of arterial blood gases and a study to detect intrapulmonary shunting (see later ... diseases are excluded. In bubble contrast echocardiography, a sample of liquid ...
Intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting refers to the abnormal connection ... ovale and gas exchange during hypoxic conditions. A study found that the presence of a PFO did not increase ...
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