SYNTHETIC ion-exchange resins of the sulphonated polystyrene type consist essentially of a cross-linked hydrocarbon skeleton to which the functional groups (nuclear sulphonic acid residues ...

ION exchange resins, in the hydrogen form, appear to offer several advantages as acid catalysts, such as the possibility of their continuous or repeated use without renewal, and their easy removal ...

However, the ion-exchange columns are expensive. The resin within the column is made into small balls around 1-2 mm in diameter, which are packed into a tube or ‘column’. The ion-exchange ...