particularly if you want to use the circuit as a comparator as we are here. Other practical problems arise because the op amp isn’t really perfect. A real op amp would not hit the 15V rail exactly.

We wonder why [Craig] spent so much effort keeping the first-stage op-amp out of saturation when he’s following it with a comparator anyway. Anyone?

Craig Morgan outlines why comparator clinical trials are useful and provides points to consider to ensure the best outcome. In clinical trials, a comparator drug (defined as ‘an investigational ...