Writing equations as functions in the form \(f ... If \(a\) is positive, the graph translates upwards. If \(a\) is negative, the graph translates downwards. Draw the graphs of \(y = f(x)\) and ...

A translation is a movement of the graph either horizontally parallel to the \(x\)-axis or vertically parallel to the \(y\)-axis. The graph of \(f(x) = x^2\) is the same as the graph of \(y = x^2\).