The Southern Oscillation Index maintained negative values, characteristic of a warm phase,” the SMN report says. El Niño conditions have been forecast 99% to remain throughout the September ...

“In December, the Equatorial Southern Oscillation Index (EQSOI), which measures the difference in surface pressure between the western and eastern Pacific, was 1.5 (positive values indicate a ...

"In each experiment, we see active El Niño Southern Oscillation, and it's almost all stronger than what we have now, some way stronger, some slightly stronger," said Shineng Hu, an assistant professor ...