but coniferous trees produce both resin and sap. (3) Some of the most well-known tree resins are spruce, fir, cedar, balm of gilead, Canada balsam, Boswellia, dragon tree, and Canarium luzonicum.

Native Americans chewed spruce tree resin, while ancient Mayans extracted chicle from sapodilla trees for their chewing needs. Today’s commercial gums bear little resemblance to these natural ...