Most of the atmosphere is nitrogen (80%) with around 20% oxygen and other trace gases. The Earth has a layered structure made up of the crust, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core.

“This is expected during the extreme events, but seeing it during ‘quiet time’ suggests that the lower atmosphere activity is significantly driving the ionospheric structure ...

thin films achieves a dual-function system for infrared camouflage and thermal management within an identical wavelength region of the atmospheric window. In recent research, metallic glasses were ...