Producers Green plants - they make glucose during photosynthesis. Primary consumers Usually eat plant material - they are herbivores. For example rabbits, caterpillars, cows and sheep. Secondary ...

Energy flow diagrams often depict secondary production as the flow leaving one trophic level and entering (being ingested by) the next. Many ecologists, however, have demonstrated that secondary ...

Trophic cascades are powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems. Trophic cascades occur when predators limit the density and/or behavior of their prey and thereby enhance ...

Remember, food chains do not show the number of organisms at each trophic level. Pyramids of number are not always perfect pyramids because of large organisms at the bottom and small ones at the top.

Trophic levels correspond to the positions organisms occupy in a food chain based on their source of energy and nutrients. Essentially, they define the relationships between predators and prey in an ...

All organisms in an ecosystem are interconnected, and any imbalance in this complex relationship can have irreversible ...