Purpose. The treatment of cancer-induced anemia with erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) is reviewed. Summary. Before the introduction of ESAs, the only treatment option for cancer-related ...
Figure 1: The pathophysiology of the cardiorenal syndrome and its effect on erythropoietin. Erythropoietic agents were introduced in about 1990 for the treatment of anemia associated with CKD.