GERD affects the lower sphincter (muscular ring) in the esophagus, and LPR affects the upper esophageal sphincter ...

He was the first to describe that the deglutitive upper esophageal sphincter opening can be increased by strengthening exercises of the suprahyoid muscles. This led to development of ...

Medically reviewed by Jay N. Yepuri, MD Acid reflux occurs when acid flows up from the stomach into the esophagus (food tube) ...

and the upper esophageal sphincter. Ivan obtained his DVM degree from the University of Wisconsin Veterinary Medical School in 1996. Today, Ivan's main research interest is the central control of ...