Each beam is reflected back on itself for a total of six intersecting beams that trap a million atoms from the vapor inside the cell and, in combination with magnetic fields, cool the atoms to a ...

Even the icy planets in our solar system such as Neptune, Uranus or Jupiter's moon Europa, might have harboured plastic ice ...

It has the potential to revolutionize quantum sensor technology. The research demonstrates the capabilities of trapped vapor atoms. These atoms can simultaneously measure minute variations in ...

Artist's impression of Rydberg atoms converting a microwave field into an optical beam (Source: M. Mazelanik, University of Warsaw) Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the ...

The observed rate of growth indicates that an atom from the vapour phase that hits the crystal ... sticking probability of order unity, or that atoms adsorbed in a 'wrong' place on the crystal ...

Physical vapour deposition (PVD) is fundamentally a vaporisation coating ... In these cases, the target will consist of the metal. The atoms of metal will then react with the appropriate gas during ...