“In a stressful situation the HPA axis may be triggered, and activated, switching on the sympathetic nervous system otherwise ...
The best-known example of this is the fight-or-flight response, which operates primarily through the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. McEwen's basic ...
"A dysregulated nervous system is defined as where the balance between the sympathetic ("fight or ... the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to elevated cortisol levels that ...