Igneous rock is formed by the cooling of molten rock ... such as tree trunks surrounded by lava and preserved as casts, but these are rare. Metamorphic rock is formed when existing rock is transformed ...

Petrology is the study of rocks - igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary - and the processes that form and transform them. Mineralogy is the study of the chemistry, crystal structure and physical ...

In a new paper, Jordan Jensen and Alexis Ault introduce a new forensic tool designed to enhance our understanding of how unconformities form. Iron oxide minerals are found in rocks around the world.

Igneous rocks close igneous rockIgneous rocks are those which have been formed by the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma) from underneath the earth’s crust. are formed by magma ...

It depends on what the rocks are made of – and that’s related to how they were formed. There are three main rock types: ...

This is a beginner's guide to identifying UK rock types. The guide has two main sections: background information on the structure and forces affecting the Earth in relation to rock formation a more ...

Primary minerals form at elevated temperatures from cooling magma during the original solidification of rock or during metamorphism, and they are usually derived from igneous and metamorphic rocks ...

and metamorphic / igneous geology. As a quantitative, field-based geologist, I integrate a variety of analytical methods in my research to investigate how intrinsic rock properties (e.g., composition, ...