The trenches systems were on every front ... This is where the majority of British and Irish soldiers fought in World War One. Though they also saw action in: Gallipoli (modern day Turkey ...

The very nature of trench warfare, moreover, proved diabolically conducive to facial injuries: "[T]he...soldiers failed to understand the menace of the machine gun," recalled Dr. Fred Albee ...

(See how World War I energized mapmaking at National Geographic.) Photographed in 1917, an endless line of Russian soldiers sit patiently in a trench as they anticipate a German attack. National ...