China's transition from the 19th century into the 20th century ... rebellions and political movements sprang up in the late 1800s to reject this state of affairs and the weakness of the Qing dynasty.

The Qing dynasty lasted over 250 years ... But many people in China could not read, and in the late Qing period, many Europeans were starting to arrive who couldn’t read the language either.

Narrator: The Qing dynasty was the ... When the dynasty fell, the Mandate passed to the new dynasty. The Mandate of Heaven is the pre-20th century Chinese belief that an emperor would be blessed ...

By the mid-19th century, the western powers had forced ... and pushed ahead with reforms and an open-door policy, but it was too late. Japan soon won major victories in its wars against the Qing ...

and reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty and the late 19th to early 20th century. In 1992, it was officially designated as one of China's first batch of hometowns of martial arts. With its deep ...