For over a century, the Maxwell’s Demon paradox has haunted physics. This thought experiment suggests that a tiny, ...

The second law of thermodynamics, a cornerstone of modern physics, states that entropy—a measure of disorder—never spontaneously decreases. It governs everything from the efficiency of engines to the ...

Researchers from Nagoya University in Japan and the Slovak Academy of Sciences have unveiled new insights into the interplay ...

with significant implications for stochastic thermodynamics and biochemical processes. Characterizing the performance of small thermal machines beyond their mean values is a key challenge in the ...

In simpler terms, the second law of thermodynamics means that things naturally tend to become more disordered over time.

Thermodynamic modeling and phase equilibria are crucial aspects of metallurgical processes, particularly in understanding how different materials interact under varying conditions. This field of ...

who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1977 for his work on non-equilibrium thermodynamics for developing “a theory about dissipative structures, which maintains that long before a state of ...

These two programmes can be used to perform economic, thermodynamic, and optimization analyses of different power resources coupled to various desalination processes. The IAEA has also published ...