The top-down calcification process started with spherical mineral particle formation in the joint surface during early-stage OA (OA-E), followed by fibre formation and densely packed material ...

This behavior is similar to that of Gli1+ cells in the upper layers of the growth plate but different from that of Gli1+ cells at the articular cartilage surface of the femur. Such variation is ...

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and bone erosion. The exact mechanism of RA is still unknown, but various immune cytokines, signaling pathways and ...