Refraction close refractionProcess by which a wave changes speed and sometimes direction upon entering a denser or less dense medium, eg a light ray changes direction when refracted by a lens.

The effect of this can be shown using wave front diagrams like the one below. The diagram shows that as wave travels into a denser medium, such as water, it slows down and wavelength decreases.

The topology of higher-dimensional spaces focuses on the properties of objects in more than three dimensions and can assist researchers, for example, in studying the structure of the universe and ...