Dug into the White Cliffs of Dover’s Eastern Heights, below the Pharos, England’s first lighthouse and tallest Roman remain ...

Wales has more castles per head than anywhere else in the world. Designed by Norman conquerors to secure areas of land quickly and cheaply. Constructed to present as daunting a challenge to attackers ...

Warfare The Crusaders learned more about warfare. Concentric castles - with two curtain (outer) walls - were developed during the crusades, and these ideas were used to improve and fortify castles ...