In contrast, the proteins that are inserted into the cell membranes display some hydrophobic chemical groups ... functional repertoire of organisms over time. Proteins are built as chains of amino ...

Each of the 20 amino acids has a specific side chain, known as an R group, that is also attached to the α carbon. The R groups have a variety of shapes, sizes, charges, and reactivities.

Introduction Definition of Peptides Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, typically consisting of 2 to ...

Understanding the properties of different compounds caused by functional groups and intermolecular forces is important. A common carboxylic acid is ethanoic acid, vinegar. Carboxylic acids are ...