complex food webs, in homogenous vs ... of natural resource management is that forcing functions across trophic levels are considered largely bottom-up in nature (Estes & Peterson 2000).

Although the trophic level of a consumer can be determined by ... Several measures of trophic structure applicable to complex food webs. Journal of Theoretical Biology 83, 195–207 (1980).

The current study investigated the relationship between diet, blood glucose levels, and cancer incidence across vertebrates. To this end, diet was categorized by its trophic level, of which ...

The different stages in the feeding sequence are also referred to as trophic levels. Producers are trophic level 1; primary consumers are trophic level 2 and so on. Feeding (consumption).

The questions in this quiz are suitable for GCSE biology students studying trophic levels, pyramids of biomass, and transfer of biomass. If you struggled with the quiz, don't panic - we've got you!

Trophic levels correspond to the positions organisms occupy in a ... giving rise to one of the most complex marine food chains in history. "Our study is the first to examine these potential ecological ...